Clinical experience of REcanalisation and balloon-oriented puncture for Re-insertion of long- term dialysis catheter in nonpatent central veins / 中华肝脏病杂志

It is difficult to insert long-term dialysis catheters after severe stenosis or occlusion of the internal jugular vein and innominate vein. We used REcanalisation and balloon-oriented puncture for Re-insertion of dialysis catheter in nonpatent central veins (REBORN) in seven patients with severe central venous lesions, and all patients were inserted with long-term dialysis catheters successfully. None had severe complications such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, or pulmonary embolism during operation. All catheters functioned well after postoperative follow-up of 2 months. REBORN provides a novel approach to establish difficult dialysis pathways.

Treating intractable lateral epicondylitis by extracurricular arthroscopic operation based on pressure point / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate clinical efficaly of intractable lateral epicondylitis by extracurricular arthroscopic operation based on pressure point.@*METHODS@#From October 2015 to September 2017, 19 patients with intractable lateral epicondylitis were treated with extraarticylar arthroscopic operation based in pressure point. Among patients, including 7 males and 12 females, aged from 33 to 62 years old with an average of(43.16±8.12) years old, The courses of conservative treatment ranged from 7 to 41 months, with an average of(15.47±7.08) months. Postoperative complications were observed, VAS score and Mayo score before and after operation at 3 months were observed and compared.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up from 6 to 26 months, with an average (17.16±5.25) months. No infection, skin necrosis and nerve injury occurred. No group weakness occurred within six months after operation. VAS score decreased from 4.42±1.17 before operation to 0.53±0.61 after operation at 3 months. Mago was improved from 62.63±7.88 before operation to 93.42±5.28 after operation at 3 months. According to Mayo score, 17 cases got excellent results, and 2 cases were good.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Intractable lateral epicondylitis by arthroscopic extracurricular operation based on pressure point, which deal with main extracurricular root cause, could anatomical level is understand easily, field of vision is good and diseased tissue is cleaned up thoroughly, and has obvious curative effect.

Shaoyangzhugu Formula regulates p19-p53-p21 signaling pathway to ameliorate cartilage degeneration in aged cynomolgus monkeys with knee osteoarthritis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Shaoyangzhugu (SYZG) Formula (a formula consisting of 9 traditional Chinese drugs) in delaying the degeneration of articular cartilage and the role p19-p53-p21 signaling pathway in mediating this effect.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Thirteen aged cynomolgus monkeys with degenerative knee joints were selected based on X-ray findings, and one of them was randomly selected for pathological observation. The other monkeys were randomized equally into SYZG Formula group (treated with SYZG decoction), ammonia moxime group and saline group. All the monkeys were sacrificed after 8 weeks of treatment with intragastric administration of the drugs or saline. The pathology in the knee joint articular cartilage was observed and the mRNA and protein expressions of p19, p53, and p21 in the articular cartilage were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pathological findings of the articular cartilage in old cynomolgus monkeys were consistent with the characteristics of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Mankin scores of the cynomolgus monkeys were 7.38∓0.52 in SYZG Formula group, 7.88∓0.83 in ammonia moxime group, and 8.38∓0.74 in saline group, showing a significant difference between SYZG Formula group and saline group (P<0.05). The expressions of p19, p53, and p21 were the lowest in SYZG Formula group and the highest in saline group with significant differences among the 3 groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SYZG Formula can delay chondrocyte senescence by regulating p19-p53-p21 signaling pathway to delay articular cartilage degeneration in aged cynomolgus monkeys.</p>

Initiating Characteristics of Early-onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has traditionally been considered to affect mainly the elderly; however, the age at diagnosis has gradually reduced in recent years. Although the incidence of young-onset T2DM is increasing, it is still not fully clear the onset characteristics and risk factors of early-onset T2DM. The aim of this study was to describe the initiating characteristics of early-onset T2DM in Chinese patients and evaluate the risk factors for diabetes mellitus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This cross-sectional controlled study was performed using a questionnaire survey method in outpatients of multiple centers in China. A total of 1545 patients with T2DM with an age at onset of <40 years were included, and the control group consisted of subjects aged <40 years with normal blood glucose level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In patients with young-onset T2DM, the mean age and initial hemoglobin 1Ac at diagnosis were 32.96 ± 5.40 years and 9.59 ± 2.71%, respectively. Most of the patients were obese, followed irregular diet pattern and sedentary lifestyle, had life or work pressure, and had a family history of diabetes mellitus. Compared with subjects with normal blood glucose level, logistic regression analysis showed that waist-to-hip ratio (odds ratio [OR] 446.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 42.37-4714.87), family history of diabetes mellitus (OR 23.46, CI 14.47-38.03), dyslipidemia (OR 2.65, CI 1.54-4.56), diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.02, CI 1.00-1.04), and body mass index (OR 0.95, CI 0.92-0.99) are independent factors for early-onset T2DM.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We observed that abdominal obesity, family history of diabetes mellitus, and medical history of hypertension and dyslipidemia are independent risk factors for early-onset T2DM. It is, therefore, necessary to apply early lifestyle intervention in young people with risk of diabetes mellitus.</p>

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of lateral fissure aphasia / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To use functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) to observe the efficacy of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with speech training in treating those with lateral fissure aphasia.Methods Forty-eight persons with lateral fissure aphasia were divided randomly into a control group and a treatment group,each of 24.The treatment group was treated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with speech training,while the control group was given only speech training.Before the treatment and 2 weeks and 8 weeks after the treatment,BOLD-fMRI images were collected to observe any changes in the language areas of the brain activated.A Chinese aphasia examination (CRRCAE) was used to assess speech function before and after treatment for both groups.Results The average CRRCAE scores of the two groups were not significantly different right before the treatment and at the end of 2 weeks of treatment,but at the end of 8 weeks of treatment the average score of the treatment group was significantly better.The biggest improvement was among those with Broca's aphasia,followed by those with Wernicke aphasia and conduction aphasia.No such differences were observed in the control group.After the 8 weeks of treatment,the average CRRCAE score of the treatment group patients had improved significantly,but in the control group only those with Broca's aphasia had improved significantly.In the treatment group,after 2 weeks and 8 weeks of treatment the activated language areas of the right hemisphere were significantly smaller than before treatment and significantly smaller than the activated areas in the left hemisphere at the same time points.Conclusions Low-frequency,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with speech therapy is an early intervention which may promote recovery from lateral fissure aphasia through restoring lingual function after stroke.

Efficacy of combined pranoprofen eye drops and artificial tears on the treatment of mild to moderate dry eye syndrome after trabbeculectomy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM:To evaluate the efficacy of combined pranoprofen eye drops and artificial tears on the treatment of mild to moderate dry eye syndrome after trabbeculectomy.METHODS:This prospective case control study included 63 cases (63 eyes) of patients with mild to moderate dry eye syndrome after trabbeculectomy in our hospital from November 2013 to June 2013. All subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Observation group was treated with combined pranoprofen eye drops and artificial tears and control group received simple artificial tears marking the eyes at 1, 2, 4wk. The patient's symptoms, signs, BUT, S▏t, and FL were observed before treatment and 1, 2, 4wk after treatment.RESULTS: After 2wk, the symptoms of observation group were improved, there was statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). FL difference of each group was statistically significant ( P<0. 05 ); After 4wk, symptoms and signs were improved. There was statistically significant difference ( P < 0. 05 ). The BUT of the observation group and corneal FL scores of two groups showed significant differences (P<0. 05). CONCLUSlON: Artificial tears joint pranoprofen eye drops has good curative effect in the treatment of mild to moderate dry eye syndrome after trabbeculectomy.

Mid-term effect of unilateral pedicle screw fixation and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and the mid-term effects of unilateral pedicle screw fixation and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in treating lumbar degenerative diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2005 to May 2010, 56 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases underwent lumbar posterolateral fusion,their clinical data were retrospective analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups (unilateral group and bilateral group) according to fixation methods,27 patients in unilateral group who were underwent unilateral pedicle screw fixation, including 18 males and 9 females with a mean age of (57.5 ± 7.1) years old (ranged from 41 to 66 years); and 29 patients in bilateral group who were treated with bilateral pedicle screw fixation (on the basis of the above, with contralateral vertebral pedicle screw fixation), including 19 males and 10 females with a mean age of (54.6 ± 5.1) years old (ranged from 43 to 68 years). The clinical data such as operation time, blood loss volume, hospitalization time and cost were compared between two groups. JOA score system was used to evaluate the neurological function. And fusion status and cage-related complication were also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 36 to 60 months with an average of 45.8 months. No iatrogenic nerve, blood vessels or organs injury were found during operation. Operation time, blood loss volume, hospitalization time and cost in unilateral group were better than that of bilateral group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in JOA score between two groups (P > 0.05). Two patients in unilateral group developed with cage related complications, 1 case was cage displacement and 1 case was cage subsidence, while 2 patients in bilateral group developed with complications of no-fusion, and there was no significant differences between two groups (P = 0.58).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Unilateral pedicle screw fixation is a satisfactory method and can obtain good effects in treating lumbar degenerative diseases in mid-term, however, the indications should be well considered.</p>

Flow injection chemiluminescence determination of biapenem for injection / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To establish a new method for the rapid and sensitive determination of biapenem. Methods A simple, rapid and sensitive flow injection chemiluminescence(CL) method for the determination of biapenem was developed based on the fact that biapenem could enhance the CL of the luminol (LMN)-potassium ferricyanide reaction system under an alkaline condition. Results Under the optimal experimental conditions, we obtained a linear relationship between the CL intensity and the concentration of biapenem in the range of 0.02~0.6 mg/L with a detection limit of 7.3×10-3 mg/L. The relative standard deviation was 1.76% for the eleven-time determination of 0.2 mg/L biapenem. Conclusion The method shows high sensitivity, low detection limit and good repeatability. It has been successfully applied to the determination of biapenem for injection and the results are satisfactory.

Liraglutide protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in ApoE knockout mice with high-fat diet and silenced Acrp30 by increasing AMPK / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism of liraglutide-mediated protection against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using aApoE knockout (KO) mouse with high-fat diet (HFD) and Acrp30 knockdown.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-six male ApoE KO mice were divided into the following six modeling and experimental groups:regular chow fed (ApoE KO, n=10), HFD fed (HF, n=10), HFD+Adenovirus (Ad)-small hairpin (sh) Acrp30 (Ad-shAcrp30, n=10), HFD+Ad-shGreen Fluorescent Protein (GFP) (Ad-shGFP, n=6), HFD+Ad-shAcrp30+liraglutide (liraglutide, n=10), and HFD+Ad-shAcrp30+saline (saline, n=10). Weight-matched C57BL/6 mice on the regular chow diet were used as the control group (WT control, n=10).All mice were fed their assigned diet for 16 weeks.The Ad-shGFP or Ad-shAcrp30 was injected by tail vein at the end of 14 and 15 weeks.Mice in the liraglutide group received 1 mg/kg of the drug, twice daily, intraperitoneally for a total of 8 weeks (from the 9th to 16th week).Fasting blood samples were collected for testing levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acid (FFA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Acrp30 and insulin.Liver tissue was procured for histological examination.Expression of mRNA was detected by real-time RT-PC and of protein was detected by western blot analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Ad-shAcrp30 treated mice had reduced expression of Acrp30 at both the mRNA and protein levels in adipose tissues and plasma, as compared with the AdshGFP treated mice (all P < 0.01).Compared to the WT and ApoE KO groups, the HF group showed higher levels of FPG, FFA, TGs and TC (all P < 0.01); furthermore, the Ad-shAcrp30 treatment compounded these changes.The Ad-shAcrp30 treated group had markedly higher hepatic TC and TGs than the HF group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05).Oil Red O staining showed that there was more lipid droplets in the liver tissue of the Ad-shAcrp30 treated group than in that of the HF group (P < 0.01), and hematoxylin-eosin staining confirmed these results.Liraglutide treatment prevented the increase in body weight, FPG, FFA, TGs, TC and ALT levels, as compared to the saline controls (all P < 0.01), but the plasma Acrp30 levels and the Acrp30 mRNA and protein expression in adipose tissues were elevated (all P < 0.01).Oil-Red O staining indicated that the liraglutide group had a significantly lower hepatic lipid content than the saline group, and total hepatic TG and TC were reduced in the former group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05).The liraglutide treatment significantly attenuated the mRNA expression of ACC and FAS (both P < 0.01) but increased AMPK phosphorylation (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Administration of liraglutide prevented the development of HFD-and hypoadiponectinemia-induced metabolic disturbance and accumulation of hepatic lipids in this mouse model system of NAFLD.</p>

Anatomical study on the femoral tunnel anatomy reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure anatomical data of the femoral tunnel anatomy reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), so provide anatomical basis for clinical anatomy reconstruction of ACL.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>There were 30 adults' cadaveric knee specimens. The ACL femoral tunnel was reconstructed through anterior medial approach (AMP) in genuflex position of 120 degree, and was marked by Kirschner. The soft tissue of the specimen was removed and the femoral condyle was split at the middle side. The index including length of the femoral tunnel, the distance from internal opening of tunnel to cortical edge of femoral condyle and vertical distance to the top of femoral intercondylar notch were measured. Then the time position of internal opening of tunnel in the intercondylar notch was recorded, and the location of outside opening of tunnel to the femoral condyle was detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean length of the femoral tunnel was (36.35 +/- 3.14) mm (ranged, 30.65 to 42.35 mm). The distance from internal opening of tunnel to cortical edge of femoral condyle was (17.84 +/- 3.35) mm (ranged, 14.02 to 23.49 mm), vertical distance to the top of femoral intercondylar notch was (14.05 +/- 2.32) mm (ranged, 9.17 to 20.08 mm). According to the way of circular dial,internal opening of tunnel located at 02:30 +/- 00:10 (ranged, 01:50 to 02:50) in the left knee,and 09:30 +/- 0:15 (ranged, 08:30 to 10:40) in the right knee. The outside opening of femoral tunnel located at (3.16 +/- 2.51) mm (ranged, 1.61 to 6.30 mm) to the proximal end of external epicondyle of femur, and (4.25 +/- 2.16) mm (ranged, 1.73 to 8.52 mm) to the posterior of external epicondyle of femur.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The anatomical features of femoral tunnel for reconstruction of ACL is revealed,which will provide anatomical basis for clinical practice.</p>

Comparison of parathyroid hormone (1-34) and elcatonin in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: an 18-month randomized, multicenter controlled trial in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-34) (rhPTH (1-34)) is the first agent in a unique class of anabolic therapies acting on the skeleton. The efficacy and safety of long-term administration of rhPTH (1-34) in Chinese postmenopausal women had not been evaluated. This study compared the clinical efficacy and safety of rhPTH (1-34) with elcatonin for treating postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in 11 urban areas of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 453 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were enrolled in an 18-month, multi-center, randomized, controlled study. They were randomized to receive either rhPTH (1-34) 20 µg (200 U) daily for 18 months, or elcatonin 20 U weekly for 12 months. Lumbar spine (L1-4) and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), fracture rate, back pain as well as biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured. Adverse events were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>rhPTH (1-34) increased lumbar BMD significantly more than did elcatonin after 6, 12, and 18 months of treatment (4.3% vs. 1.9%, 6.8% vs. 2.7%, 9.5% vs. 2.9%, P < 0.01). There was only a small but significant increase of femoral neck BMD after 18 months (2.6%, P < 0.01) in rhPTH groups. There were larger increases in bone turnover markers in the rhPTH (1-34) group than those in the elcatonin group after 6, 12, and 18 months (serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) 93.7% vs. -3.6%; 117.8% vs. -4.1%; 49.2% vs. -5.8%, P < 0.01; urinary C-telopeptide/creatinine (CTX/Cr) 250.0% vs. -29.5%; 330.0% vs. -41.4%, 273.0% vs. -10.6%, P < 0.01). rhPTH (1-34) showed similar effect of pain relief as elcatonin. The incidence of clinical fractures was 5.36% (6/112) in elcatonin group and 3.2% (11/341) in rhPTH (1-34) group (P = 0.303). Both treatments were well tolerated. Hypercaluria (9.4%) and hypercalcemia (7.0%) in rhPTH (1-34) group were transient and caused no clinical symptoms. Pruritus (8.2% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.044) and redness of injection site (4.4% vs. 0, P = 0.024) were more frequent in rhPTH (1-34). Nausea/vomiting (16.1% vs. 6.2%, P = 0.001) and hot flushes (7.1% vs. 0.6%, P < 0.001) were more common in elcatonin group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>rhPTH (1-34) was associated with greater increases in lumbar spine BMD and bone formation markers. It could increase femoral BMD after 18 months of treatment. rhPTH could improve back pain effectively. The results of the present study indicate that rhPTH (1-34) is an effective, safe agent in treating Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.</p>

Application of gene-based logistic kernel-machine regression model on studies related to the genome-wide association / 中华流行病学杂志

[Introduction] To explore the gene-based logistic kemel-machine regression model and its application in genome-wide association study (GWAS).Using the simulated genome-wide singlenucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) genotypes data,we proposed a practical statistical analysis strategynamed ‘ the logistic kernel-machine regression model',based on the gene levels to assess the association between genetic variations and complex diseases.The results from simulation showed that the P value of genes in related diseases was the smallest among all the genes.The results of simulation indicated that not only it could borrow information from different SNPs that were grouped in genes and reducing the degree of freedom through hypothesis testing,but could also incorporate the covariate effects and the complex SNPs interactions.The gene-based logistic kernel-machine regression model seemed to have certain statistical power for testing the association between genetic genes and diseases in GWAS.

Arthroscopic single bundle anterior cruciate ligament anatomical reconstruction with remnant preservation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and clinical effects of single bundle anterior cruciate ligament anatomical reconstruction with remnant preservation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 2007 to November 2009, 17 patients (10 male and 7 female, ranging in age from 28 to 62 years, with an average of 39.3 years) with posterior cruciate ligament injuries were treated with single bundle anatomical reconstruction with remnant preservation. Nine patients had the injuries caused by traffic accident; 6 patients caused by falling down; and 2 patients caused by sports injuries. The average time from injury to surgery was 8.5 days (ranging from 2 to 14 days). The international knee documentation committee knee evaluation form (IKDC) and Lysholm were used to analysis the effect of surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients obtained the follow-up and the average time was 29.5 months (ranging from 24 to 39 months). There were no complications such as injuries of popliteal fossa artery, tibial nerves or peroneal nerve. Twelve patients had knee joint recovering to normal; 1 patient had stiff joints and was treated with arthroscopic surgery to release after 6 months,who had postoperative flexion lack of 20 degree and straight to normal. Three patients had flexion loss of 5 to 10 degree, and 1 patient had hyperextension limitation of 5 degree. Posterior drawer test in 17 patients and the Lachman test were negative. IKDC scores of the 17 patients achieved normal(16 patients) or near normal(1 patient). IKDC overall score normal in 16 patients (94.1%), close to normal in 1 case (5.9%). The IKDC subjective score was 94.3+/-5.1 and Lysholm score was 94.7+/-3.1 at the latest follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The single bundle anterior cruciate ligament with remnant preservation anatomical reconstruction can provide good clinical results.</p>

Treatment of proximal radius epiphyseal injuries of O'Brien type III with titanium elastic nail in children / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and clinical effects of titanium elastic nail (TEN) for treatment of proximal radius epiphyseal injuries of O'Brien type III.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 2008 to November 2009,19 patients with proximal radius epiphyseal injuries of O'Brien type III were treated with internal fixation, including 13 males and 5 females with an average age of 8.3 years old ranging from 6 to 12 years. The average time from injury to surgery was 3.5 days (2 to 7 days). The reduction situation after operation was assessed by Métaizeau criteria, and the elbow function after operation were evaluated by Broberg-Morrey elbow score.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed-up for 8.7 months in average (ranged 6 to 12 months). No infection, TEN brokage, skin bursting and other complications occurrenced. According to Métaizeau criteria, the results were excellent in 7 cases, good in 10 cases and fair in 2 cases. The Broberg-Morrey score rose from preoperative (47.3 +/- 5.1) to (86.6 +/- 6.3) at 3 months followed-up (t=139.17, P=0.0002); the outcome was excellent in 7 cases, good in 9 cases, and fair in 3 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Internal fixation with TEN in treatment of proximal radius epiphyseal injuries of O'Brien type III has a limited invasion, cosmetic beauty, safety and reliability advantages. This technique provides a reliable alternative in proximal radius epiphyseal injuries of O'Brien type III.</p>

Clinical study on the effects of the femoral attachment site of grafts and the tunnel angle on the function of knee joint after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of the attachment site of grafts and the tunnel angle on the function of knee joint after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2006 to May 2009, 47 patients(32 males and 15 females, ranging in age from 19 to 51 years old, with an average of 35.3 years old) were treated with single-bundle reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament. Several indexes were measured at the latest follow-up as follow: attachment sites of graft on the femoral condyle were recorded, the femoral tunnel angles on coronal and sagittal planes were measured on postoperative X-ray films. According to the IKDC score, these patients were divided into two groups. In the first group, 38 patients were found the IKDC score more than 90 at the latest follow-up, and in the second group 9 patients were found IKDC score less than 90. By comparing the two groups, the relation of the indexes and postoperative function of knee was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The IKDC which was more than 90 at the latest follow-up was found in 38 patients, whose femoral attachments site of ACL was positioned at (29.73 +/- 4.31)% (ranged from 16.21% to 53.82%) from the posterior end of Blumensaat's line. IKDC which was less than 90 was found in 9 patients, whose femoral attachments site of ACL was positioned at (46.61 +/- 3.43)% (ranged from 27.18% to 72.34%). There was significant difference between the two groups (P = -0.000 7). The IKDC more than 90 at the latest follow-up was found in 38 patients,whose femoral tunnel angle on coronal plane was (49.5 +/- 4.72) degrees (ranged from 33 degrees to 67 degrees) and on sagittal plane was (31.3 +/- 5.12) degrees (ranged from 11 degrees to 45 degrees) were significantly less than those whose IKDC less than 90 at the latest follow-up on coronal plane was (67.6 +/- 3.09) degrees (ranged from 41 degrees to 81 degrees) and on sagittal plane was (41.2 +/- 5.69) degrees (ranged from 23 degrees to 56 degrees) (P = 0.000 7, P = -0.000 8).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is close relation between the attachment site of grafts and the tunnel angle with the function of knee, so in anterior cruciate ligament should be anatomic reconstructed with the anterior medial approach.</p>

Gene-based principal component logistic regression model and its application on genome-wide association study / 中华流行病学杂志

To explore the gene-based principal component logistic regression model and its application in genome-wide association study.Using the simulated genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) genotypes data,we proposed a practical statistical analysis strategy-'the principal component logistic regression model',based on the gene levels to assess the association between genetic variations and complex diseases.The simulation results showed that the P value of genes in related diseases was the smallest among the results from all the genes.The results of simulation indicated that not only it could reduce the degree of freedom through hypothesis testing but could also better understand the correlations between SNPs.The gene-based principal component logistic regression model seemed to have certain statistical power for testing the association between genetic genes and diseases in the genome-wide association studies.

Clinical research on clearance of leukemic cell during induction of remission therapy in children with precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical value of clearance of leukemic cell during induction of remission therapy in children with precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), and to assess the applicative value of different indexes.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>From April 2005 to April 2008, 206 children with de novo BCP-ALL were admitted. We firstly analyzed the effect of clearance of leukemic cells during induction of remission therapy on relapse-free survival (RFS). Four indexes were used to assess the clearance of leukemic cells including prednisone response on day 8 (d8-PR), percentage of lymphoblast in bone marrow on day 22 (d22-BM) and day 33 (d33-BM), and bone marrow (BM) minimal residual disease (MRD) detection on day 33 (d33-MRD). Then the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the four indexes to assess their ability to predict relapse were analyzed. Finally, the consistency between two of the four indexes to explore the relationships among them were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were significant differences between RFS of the sub-groups divided according to d8-PR, d22-BM, d33-BM, d33-MRD (P < 0.01); Cox proportional hazard model analysis showed that d33-MRD ≥ 10(-3) and positive BCR/ABL fusion gene were the independent prognostic factors. Sensitivity of d33-MRD was higher than that of morphology detection (d22-BM, d33-BM and d8-PR) in prediction of relapse, and positive predictive value of morphology detection was higher than that of d33-MRD. Sensitivity could be greatly increased by combination with clinical and biological characteristics. Consistency could not be found between d8-PR and d22-BM, d33-BM, d33-MRD, as well as between d22-BM, d33-BM, and d33-MRD. However, all cases of d22-BM, d33-BM M2/M3 were d33-MRD ≥ 10(-3), while the same phenomenon could not be found for patients with poor d8-PR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Clearance of leukemic cell during induction of remission therapy in children with BCP-ALL had important clinical value. Sensitivity of MRD detection after induction of remission therapy was higher than that of morphological analysis to predict relapse. Morphological analysis could only identify a few patients with very high risk of relapse and the sensitivity could be increased by combination with clinical biological characteristics. The simple prednisone response may contain some prognostic information that could not be covered by analysis of BM cells. It may be the best way to assess the clearance of leukemic cells to combine the prednisone response with MRD detection after induction of remission therapy.</p>

Establishment of new vessels model by implantation of VEGF165 in mouse / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of establishing a murine new vessels model with Lentiviral vector (LVs) mediated human vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (pcDNA3.1/ VEGF165) gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Lentivirus plasmid carrying a human VEGF165 was constructed and was used to transfect mouse's NIH/3T3 cells. The NIH/3T3 cells with high secretion of VEGF were injected into the skeletal muscle of mouse to establish a mouse new vessels model by implantation of vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) gene. The external secretion of VEGF was measured with ELISA. Histological examination was carried out after injection. The expression of CD31 was assessed with immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The lenti-VEGF165-EGFP was correctly constructed and confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis, polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing analysis. Lentivirus plasmid carrying a human VEGF165 was constructed. lenti-VEGF165-EGFP was used to transfect mouse's NIH/ 3T3 cells, and human VEGF165 gene was assessed. NIH/3T3 cells mediated VEGF gene implantation can produce stable and effective mouse new vessels model. The external secretion of VEGF in peripheral blood was measured with ELISA. The legs became swollen in experimental group 14 d after injection. It found the cells expression of CD31 44 d after injection, and histological analysis showed the swollen tissue was composed of small new vessels.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NIH/3T3 cells mediated VEGF gene implantation can produce stable and effective mouse new vessels model.</p>

Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry for determination of olanzapine in human plasma and its application to bioavailability study / 药学学报

A simple, reliable and sensitive liquid chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (LC-ID/MS) was developed and validated for quantification of olanzapine in human plasma. Plasma samples (50 microL) were extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether and isotope-labeled internal standard (olanzapine-D3) was used. The chromatographic separation was performed on XBridge Shield RP 18 (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 3.5 microm, Waters). An isocratic program was used at a flow rate of 0.4 m x min(-1) with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and ammonium buffer (pH 8). The protonated ions of analytes were detected in positive ionization by multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode. The plasma method, with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.1 ng x mL(-1), demonstrated good linearity over a range of 0.1 - 30 ng x mL(-1) of olanzapine. Specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability were evaluated during method validation. The validated method was successfully applied to analyzing human plasma samples in bioavailability study.

Using two-stage case-control designs to study the genome-wide association / 中华流行病学杂志

Genome-wide association study is an important approach to identify common genetic variants that predispose to human disease. Because of the high cost of genotyping on hundreds of thousands of markers on thousands of subjects, a more cost-effective two-stage case-control design is applied by most genome-wide association studies. To describe the design and statistical methods of the two-stage case-control study, this paper introduces the principles of two-stage case-control design, its implementing steps in genome-wide association study and the features of its application.The method is illustrated with an example.